The socialisation window is a period of rapid learning and brain development in puppies aged 3 to 12-14 weeks old. During this time, puppies quickly learn about the living beings that surround them and how to interact with them, which generally includes:
- their human family
- other unfamiliar people
- familiar and unfamiliar dogs
- the animals that inhabit the world
The goal of socialisation is to gently expose puppies to new dogs, people and animals, so that they can develop the social skills they will require throughout their life.
That means ensuring that your puppy has positive social interactions only.
It is important that these interactions are not limited to social play, but also include calmness, rest and independent activities in the presence of new people or dogs. Other social activities are also highly beneficial, such as dogs enjoying a chew on their own in the proximity of others, or exploring a garden together.
Another learning process called habituation goes alongside the socialisation period as your puppy becomes naturally more inclined to explore his environment. Habituation refers to learning about all the safe things that make up the world, for example:
- sights (bicycles, high-vis jackets)
- scents (perfume, deodorant, cleaning supplies)
- sounds (traffic noise, vacuum cleaner, microwave)
- sensations (being brushed, picked up)
- tastes (sticks, leaves, stones)
Careful exposure is necessary to prevent fears to develop to all the experiences that make up day-to-day life. Do not feel rushed to expose your puppy to all environments in a short period of time. Puppies continue to habituate to their environment throughout their entire life.
Successful socialisation and habituation protect your dog from developing behaviour problems. We like to compare raising a puppy through mindful socialisation to vaccinations that protect them from disease. It provides them with a "good behavioural health pass", if you will.
To succeed with your puppy's socialisation, ensure new experiences are short and of low intensity, and allow your puppy plenty of restful sleep to process these experiences. Whether you are aiming to socialise your puppy to people or dogs, or habituate them to the vast world, the focus should always be on good quality exposure, rather than quantity.